Train Depot in Rowe, New Mexico

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Just a nice picture of the AT&SF depot in Rowe, New Mexico.  I vaguely remember the old steamers stopping by in the early 1950's when I was a kid growing up there. My wife found the image in a book at the Trinidad, Colorado library.

If you recognize any of the folks let me know. Just kidding.

The two (2) small buildings in front of the water tank in the bottom photo was a garage for the speeders and tool shed. The house facing the tank in the upper photo was where railroad employees lived. La casa de el cinero as it was known to the locals. (prouounced seenero in Spanglish).  The house visable in the distance on the lower photo was the house where Alejandro Montoya and his wife Cruz Dimas Montoya lived.

You can make out the road leading to the mesa on the left of the lower picture.

The water to fill the tank that was then pumped into the steam engines came from the Pecos river a few miles away. There was an under ground concrete storage tank and a pump there. The pipeline ran from there to the tank. The water line for the most part was in or right off the arroyo.

More on Las Ruedas and Pajarito, New Mexico

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Las Ruedas, New Mexico is one of two communities that existed on the old Los Trigos Land Grant. The other community was, or is,  Pajarito. The Los Trigos Land Grant lies between the boundaries of the Pecos Pueblo Land Grant and the San Miguel del Bado Land Grant at Gusano, todays South San Isidro, along and on either side of the Pecos River. The Los Trigos Land Grant was made on May 26, 1817 by Jose Manrique, acting governor of the province of New Mexico and confirmed by Alberto Maynes, governor of the province on June 22, 1815. It was granted to Francisco Trujillo, Diego Padilla and Bartolome Marquez.

Up to 1815 only a few acres of land had been tilled in the "arroyo de Las Ruedas" area. The community began to grow until 1829 when Vicente Villanueva sent an Indian boy also known as Vicente Villanueva , whom he had bought from the Comanches, to the Los Trigos area with a flock of sheep. Villanueva and a partner took some cattle to graze at El Canon de los Soldados. Suddenly, the Apaches swooped down on the Indian Boy and killed him, ran off the sheep, and continued on to the Canon de Los Soldados where Villanueva and his partner were also killed.

Las Ruedas was abandoned after the death of its most influential citizen.

The story of the Indian boy, also known as Vicente Villanueva, presisted and in time the people of La Cuesta had the name of their village changed at the request of the American postal authorities because there was another village north of Taos named Questa. The villagers decided on Villanueva to honor the name of the captive who gave his life in the defense of his masters sheep.

Anyway in the 1830's people from San Miguel del Bado and Santa Fe once again moved into the Las Ruedas and Pajarito area of the Los Trigos Land Grant. They were, as can best be identified, Antonio Maria Archuleta, his wife Maria de Jesus Lovato and his brother Nepomuceno Archuleta and his wife Maria Manuela Lovato, the sons of Vicente Antonio Archuleta and his first wife Maria Ignacia Angel. Miguel Sena and his wife Maria Ygnes Valencia were others who moved there. Matias Alarid, the son of Jose Antonio Alarid and Marcelina Quintana and his wife Maria Josefa Valencia also moved there.  Jose Alejandro Montoya, the son of Juan Jose Montoya and Juana Gonzales and his wife Francisca Lovato were another couple who moved there  as were Antonio Ortiz and others who moved into the area.

For the most part, these and other Hispanos with their families were the ones there when the Americans arrived in August of 1846. The village continued to grow until the late 1870's when construction on the Santa Fe Railroad started a few miles up the arroyo at the base of the mesa. By 1880 most of the families had moved to the railroad site at the new village of Rowe. My great grand mother Mariana Duran Archuleta was the last person to be burried at the Las Ruedas cemetary in the early 1920's. She was the the second wife of Juan de Jesus Archuleta who was the brother of Antonio Maria and Nepomuceno Archuleta who are mentioned in the previous paragraph.

Many descendants of these settlers still live in Rowe and the surrounding communities.

Note: Some information for this post comes from the book, Giant in Lilliput, the story of Donaciano Vigil by F. Stanley and the remainder is from information unearthed by my wife and myself.

1860 Las Ruedas, New Mexico

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The top (1st) image is the tail end of El Gusano, New Mexico and the begining of Las Ruedas, New Mexico. The first name in Las Ruedas is Juan de Jesus Archuleta with his wife Maria Anna (Duran) and their son Jose Ologio and daughter Cleta.

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This is the last part of a page for Las Ruedas, New Mexico and the first part of a page for the area between Las Ruedas and Pecos.  See if you can make out the other names.

Between both images it has all of the people enumerated at Las Ruedas, New Mexico in 1860. This was way before the thought of the railroad, so what is now Rowe, was not there, not yet.

There was a small group who went to the ruins of the old church at Las Ruedas on November 9, 2009. One of the latter day Archuleta descendants invited other Archuleta descendants to come along. And another descendant of  long ago Las Ruedas residents guided us in. It was a pleasant day and to be in the ancestral village and was an emotional experience.

Los Americanos and the Fifty Years Following Their Arrival

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In August of 1846 the Army of the west under Stephen Watts Kearney (photo above) march into New Mexico from Bents Fort on the Arkansas River on the border between the United States and Mexico. They march to Las Vegas, then San Miguel del Bado and on through Apache Pass right into Santa Fe. They are strung out for miles and miles. The Benavides' living in El Gusano scatter into the hills while the army marches past.

New Mexican Governor Manuel Armijo, though poised to stop the Americans at Apache canyon decided against it. His soldiers and militia are poorly armed and fewer in Number than the Americans. Rather than risk losing a good portion of New Mexican males in a futile effort to stop the numerous and well armed Americans he orders a retreat away from Apache Canyon.

Charles Bent, of Bents Fort is named governor of Occupied New Mexico. He states " There is no stability in these people, they have no opinion of thare (sic) own, ...entirely governed by the powers that be ... the most servile people that can be imagined... they are not fit to be a free people, they should be ruled by others than themselvs."

His opinion of New Mexicans must have changed on January 19, 1847 when New Mexicans and Taos Pueblo Indians assassinated him and several of his accomplices in Taos. At least two revolts occur and both are suppressed by the Americans. New Mexican Patriots are killed in battle, shot in jails and hung for treason. New Mexicans and their descendants should not forget those who resisted the invasion of New Mexico by Americans.

In 1851 a Territorial Government is established and the surveyor general begins his job. Within a few years most of the land now belongs to the Americans. The Catholic Church appointed Lamy as the Bishop for New Mexico. A feud with New Mexican priests begins as Lamy starts replacing them with French priests from France. Padre Martinez resists, but like other resistance, this comes to an end and French priests take over the Catholic Church in New Mexico.

In the 1880's following the suppression of Indian hostilities New Mexico is flooded with settlers from the East. Displacing New Mexicans where ever they went.  The Americans knew the laws and used them to displace New Mexicans everywhere they went. It would not be long before they were the majority

The 50 Years Before the American Occupation of New Mexico

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New Mexico, in the 50 years before the American occupation of the country, was a place of movement of the population. The New Mexicans had out grown Santa, Fe, they had out grown Santa Cruz de la Canada and they had out grown Taos and Albuquerque. Movement out of the traditional areas was occurring everywhere. Up the Rio Chama, down the Rio Grande, down the Pecos to san Miguel del Bado, north along the Sangre de Cristo Range from Taos, to the Mora valley and over the Sandia's to the interface with the plains.

They were looking for land that could sustain them and their families. They were willing to risk the regular encounters with hostile Indians. They needed tillable and irrigable land to plant their crops. Nothing could stand in their way. They went with their packets of seeds and following a few animals. Following horses, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and chickens. They settled in small defensible places where they could grow their crops, feed their animals and defend themselves as best they could from the hostile Indians.

There had been little presence of the Spanish government in the past and less as the Spanish Colonial era came to an end. There would be very little government control or assistance as the administrations changed and the Mexicans came to power.

In essence, New Mexicans lived in a virtual void of government. A controlled anarchy. High grade violence between New Mexicans and the hostile tribes that surrounded the area kept the people close to each other. Close as far as a common interest if not close in proximity. They needed to survive in this place and time and fighting with each other was not an option. Arms were scarce to nonexistent. When hostilities broke out with the Indians they were fighting back with common weapons. In some cases the Indians had better weapons than New Mexicans. They would acquire them from American or French traders to the east and north east.

They held their own and the population of New Mexicans increased slowly.

Then in August of 1846 everything would change, everything.

Some (Three Generations) Descendants of Samuel Dean, the first Postmaster in Rowe, New Mexico

Modified Register for Samuel Dean

First Generation

1. Samuel Dean .

Samuel married Maria Juliana Ortiz daughter of Antonio Jose Ortiz and Maria Alvina Archuleta on 4 Feb 1867 in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Maria was born on 12 Feb 1851 in Santa Fe, New Mexico. She was christened on 16 Feb 1851 in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

They had the following children:


+ 2 F i. Cruz Dean was born on 29 Apr 1868. She died on 18 Jun 1927.


3 M ii. Roberto Dean was born on 16 Dec 1869 in Pajarito, New Mexico. He was christened on 23 Dec 1869 in San Miguel del Vado, New Mexico.


+ 4 F iii. Maria de los Angles Dean was born on 1 Oct 1871.


+ 5 M iv. Carlos Dean was born on 16 Oct 1873.


+ 6 M v. Roberto Dean was born on 24 Dec 1876. He died on 18 Apr 1941.


7 M vi. Jose Samuel Dean was born on 15 Apr 1890 in Rowe, New Mexico. He was christened on 26 Apr 1890 in Pecos, New Mexico.


8 M vii. Bernardino Dean was born on 10 Sep 1892 in Rowe, New Mexico. He was christened on 20 Sep 1892 in San Miguel del Bado, New Mexico.


9 F viii. Luisa Dean was born on 17 Mar 1896 in Rowe, New Mexico. She was christened on 22 Mar 1896 in Pecos, New Mexico.

Luisa married Filiberto Lucero on 17 Sep 1918 in Pecos, New Mexico.


Second Generation


2. Cruz Dean (Samuel) was born on 29 Apr 1868. She died on 18 Jun 1927 in Rowe, New Mexico. She was buried on 20 Jun 1927 in Rowe, New Mexico.

Cruz married Juan Bautista Encinias son of Juan Pablo Encinias and Maria Paula Sanches. Juan was born on 18 Jul 1864 in El Gusano, New Mexico. He was christened on 23 Jul 1864 in San Miguel del Vado, New Mexico.

They had the following children:

10 M i. Marcelino Encinias was born on 22 Apr 1889 in Rowe, New Mexico. He was christened on 23 Apr 1889 in Pecos, New Mexico.


11 F ii. Victoria Encinias was born on 12 Apr 1890 in Rowe, New Mexico. She was christened on 16 Apr 1890 in Pecos, New Mexico.

Victoria married Jose Gutierrez . Jose was born on 24 May 1889. He died in May 1978.


12 F iii. Maria Cornelia Encinias was born on 4 Jul 1892 in Rowe, New Mexico. She was christened on 11 Jul 1892 in San Miguel del Vado, New Mexico. She died on 4 Sep 1918 in Rowe, New Mexico. She was buried on 6 Sep 1918 in Rowe, New Mexico.

Maria married Apolonio Archuleta son of Jose Manuel Archuleta and Maria Marta Alarid on 13 Feb 1911. Apolonio was born on 13 Oct 1888. He died on 20 Mar 1972 in Rowe, New Mexico. He was buried in Rowe, New Mexico.


13 M iv. Victor Encinias was born on 15 Jun 1895 in Rowe, New Mexico. He was christened on 19 Jun 1895 in Pecos, New Mexico.


14 M v. Jose Polaniaro Encinias was born on 23 Jul 1897 in Rowe, New Mexico. He was christened on 1 Aug 1897 in Pecos, New Mexico. He died in Dec 1980.

Jose married Amalia Angel on 16 Apr 1917 in Pecos, New Mexico.


15 F vi. Clara Encinias was born on 12 Aug 1899 in Rowe, New Mexico. She was christened on 30 Aug 1899 in Pecos, New Mexico. She died in Sep 1973.

Clara married Telesfor Padilla . Telesfor was born on 6 Jan 1895. He died in Dec 1974.


16 M vii. Lorenzo Encinias was born on 10 Aug 1901 in Rowe, New Mexico. He was christened on 26 Aug 1901 in Pecos, New Mexico.


17 F viii. Luisa Encinias was born on 19 Jun 1903 in Rowe, New Mexico. She was christened on 21 Jun 1903 in Pecos, New Mexico.


18 M ix. Matias Encinias was born on 18 Jun 1905. He died on 9 Nov 1957 in Alemeda, California.

Matias married Zeniada Gonzales . Zeniada was born on 9 Sep 1907. She died on 12 Aug 1991.


19 F x. Apolonia Encinias .


20 F xi. Publita Encinias was born on 20 Jul 1907. She was christened on 10 Aug 1907 in Pecos, New Mexico.


21 M xii. Melisendro Encinias .


4. Maria de los Angles Dean (Samuel) was born on 1 Oct 1871 in Las Ruedas, New Mexico. She was christened on 8 Oct 1871 in Pecos, New Mexico.


Maria married Monico Benavidez son of Jose Alejandro Benavidez and Petra Archuleta. Monico was born in 1886.


They had the following children:


22 F i. Eloisa Benavidez was born in 1918.


23 M ii. Gregorio Benavidez was born on 12 Dec 1921 in Rowe, New Mexico. He died on 10 Oct 1998 in Tyler, TX.

Gregorio married Dora Vid Van Vollehovan on 22 May 1950 in Mexico.


5. Carlos Dean (Samuel) was born on 16 Oct 1873 in Las Ruedas, New Mexico. He was christened on 26 Oct 1873 in Pecos, New Mexico.


Carlos married Sotera Encinias daughter of Tiburcio Encinias and Juliana Joana Archuleta on 25 Nov 1895 in Pecos, New Mexico.


They had the following children:


24 M i. Eloy Dean was born on 1 Dec 1896 in Rowe, New Mexico. He was christened on 7 Dec 1896 in Pecos, New Mexico.


25 F ii. Genoveva Dean was born on 5 Aug 1898 in Rowe, New Mexico. She was christened on 7 Aug 1898 in Pecos, New Mexico.

Genoveva married Severo Roibal .


26 M iii. Guliiermo Dean was born on 12 May 1900 in Rowe, New Mexico. He was christened on 17 May 1900 in Pecos, New Mexico.


27 M iv. Jose Onofre Dean was born on 11 Jun 1902 in Rowe, New Mexico. He was christened on 22 Jun 1902 in Pecos, New Mexico.


6. Roberto Dean (Samuel) was born on 24 Dec 1876 in Pecos, New Mexico. He was christened on 28 Dec 1876. He died on 18 Apr 1941 in Rowe, New Mexico.


Roberto married Tiburcia Ortiz on 8 Feb 1898 in Pecos, New Mexico. Tiburcia was born on 7 Aug 1879. She died on 7 Mar 1965 in Hurley, New Mexico.


They had the following children:

28 F i. Juliana Dean was born on 15 Jan 1899 in Rowe, New Mexico. She was christened on 18 Jan 1899 in Pecos, New Mexico.


29 M ii. Jose Dean was born on 19 Mar 1900 in Rowe, New Mexico. He was christened on 23 Mar 1900 in Pecos, New Mexico.


30 M iii. Paulo Dean was born on 1 Jun 1902 in Rowe, New Mexico. He was christened on 7 Jun 1902 in Pecos, New Mexico. He died on 29 May 1971 in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

Paulo married Juanita .

31 F iv. Zenobia Dean was born in 1905.

Zenobia married Nicholas Herrera .


32 F v. Carmelita Dean was born in 1908.

Carmelita married Eustacio Valencia .


33 F vi. Bernardina Dean was born in 1910.

Bernardina married Urbano Martinez .


34 M vii. Samuel Dean was born in 1914.

Samuel married Luisita .


35 F viii. Juana Dean was born in 1917.

Juana married Amado Gonzales .


36 M ix. Robert Dean .


37 F x. Tomasa Dean was born in 1919.


38 M xi. Manuel Ortiz Dean was born in 1922.

Manuel married Veneranda Dimas Sandoval .

Interesting Chart

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Jose Andres Martín (Andele)

This is a picture of Jose Andres Martín. Jose Andres Martín (Andele) was my great grand uncle. He was born November 13, 1855 in a place then called "Monton de Los Alamos". This is near present day Las Vegas, New Mexico. The information comes from the publication titled "Bautismos de Nuestra Sra. de Los Dolores, 1852 - 187". On page 210. This publication is published by the Hispanic Genealogical Research Center of New Mexico. His parents are listed as Juan Martin and Pabla Padilla. His godparents Jesus Gallegos and Dorotea Baca.

He was captured by the Apaches and eventually ended up as a Kiowa Captive.

Reference the book "Andele, the Mexican - Kiowa Captive, a Story of Real Life amongst the Indians" by J.J. Methvin. University of New Mexico Press, page 7. Jose Andres Martin(ez) AKA Andele, was kidnapped by the Apaches and traded to the Kiowas.

Early in 1867, Kiowa chief Many Bears paid a Mescalero Apache one mule, two buffalo robes and a red blanket to purchase Jose Andres Martinez. Abducted near his home in Valles de San Geronimo on October of 1866 he became Many Bears grandson, Andele. He quickly adapted to his new life and grew to manhood amongst the Kiowas, took part in Kiowa raiding parties and three times married Kiowa women.

Confined to a reservation in Oklahoma after 1875, Andele in the 1880's sought to reclaim his former life and returned to his family in Las Vegas, New Mexico. But in 1889, feeling "his interests were all identified with the Kiowa, and that he had learned to love them," he returned to the reservation and taught industrial arts at the agency school. He also aided the Kiowas in defence of their lands. In 1894 he served as interpreter and spokesman for a Kiowa, Comanche, Apache delegation to Washington D.C that argued against allotment of the reservation under the Daws act of 1887.

In the 1890's Andele began serving as a resource to a generation of anthropologists studying the Kiowa and Apache societies. His captive narrative published in 1899 is an invlauable eyewithess discription.

More Information can be found on pages 191 and 356 and 357 in the book Captives and Cousins, Slavery, Kinship, and Community in the Southwest Borderlands by James F. Brooks and published by the University of North Carolina Press.

Ines the Tano Woman

And no, this is not her, but the lady is beautiful, very beautiful.. Click on the image to make it larger.

Thanks to Nancy Lopez, the Cybergata. I have used information from her weblog before. If you are into genealogy, hers is a very interesting site.

http://cybergata.com/roots/

And also thanks to Jose Antonio Esquibel who should need no introduction he is one of, if not the best, New Mexico genealogist alive today.

Ines, the Tano woman from New Mexico is my 9th great grandmother!

The following information is from José Antonio Esquibel, Parientes, From La Herencia, Spring 2007, pg. 50, published in Santa Fé, NM by Gran Via, Inc. P.O. box 22576, Santa Fé, NM 87503.

Doña Inés was a Tano Indian. She was likely the same Tano woman taken from New Mexico when the Castaño de Sosa left New Mexico in 1591. She returned with the Oñate expedition in 1598, and acted as a translator for Oñate. In 1626, she was described as "an acculturated Tano Indian woman whom they treat as Spanish woman."

Imagine, just imagine, what this woman whom we know only as Doña Ines (Ynes), must have gone through during her lifetime. Born circa 1560 and taken to Mexico by Castaño de Sosa in 1591. And there is no doubt she was taken, as opposed to have gone willingly. Then to return to her homeland with Juan de Oñate in 1598. I know that when I have left New Mexico for extended periods I always get a lump in my throat when I return.

Hernán Martín Serrano and his wife, Ynés were one of the first families of Santa Fé

Ignacia Archuleta

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This is a chart on my maternal grandmother Ignacia Archuleta. It illustrates how little we know of her ancestors. Especially if you consider what we know of her husbands, Roman Benavidez. This is as far back as we have been able to get in over 10 years of looking. Stuck for sure.